Bibliography

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BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mao_zedong.shtml>.

"Mao Tse-tung Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://www.biography.com/people/mao-tse-tung-9398142>.

"Complex Legacy of Chairman Mao." The Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/29/china.comment>.

Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/mao-zedong.htm>.

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"Our Blog." Rapid Boost Marketing. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://rapidboostmarketing.com/benefits-of-good-leadership-in-business-and-role-of-good-leadership-in-business-success/>.

"Our Blog." Rapid Boost Marketing. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://rapidboostmarketing.com/how-to-be-proactive-and-crush-your-competition/>.

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"Definition of Communism in English." Communism: Definition of Communism in Oxford Dictionary (British & World English). N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/communism?q=communism>.

"One Account. All of Google." Google Drive. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ctQyeF7MdcYCL-HIoGDJfXAx7gboN_JZKHSdKJM0Yf8/edit>.

"Why Was Mao Zedong so Important?" - Ask.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ask.com/question/why-was-mao-zedong-so-important>.

"Chairman Mao Zedong." Chairman Mao Zedong. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://chineseculture.about.com/library/weekly/aa022899.htm>.

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"Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://books.google.com.my/books?id=uGZIziWmlmsC>.

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"Chairman Mao Zedong." Chairman Mao Zedong. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://chineseculture.about.com/library/weekly/aa022899.htm>.

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"Untitled Document." Untitled Document. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bsffilmgroup.com/CulturalRevolution-link.html>.

"Mao Zedong." Mao Zedong. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/mao_zedong.htm>.

2008, "Mao Zedong." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences., "Mao Zedong." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004, "Mao Zedong." UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2003, "Mao Zedong." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed.. 2013, "Mao Zedong." World Encyclopedia. 2005, and "Mao Zedong." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. "Mao Zedong."Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 2008. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. <http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mao_Zedong.aspx>.

Page 7

"Are Autocracy and Communism the Same Thing?" WikiAnswers. Answers, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Are_autocracy_and_communism_the_same_thing>.

Conclusion and Evaluation: To what extent can leaders play a role in shaping their subordinates?

Difference between leadership and management.

Many people associate leadership with management and that is commonly correct because they both lie under the category - Control. However, there are significant differences between both of these movements.

Comparison

Management: By the word manager, managing is just a person who supervises, control or administering an organisation or group of staff. Managing someone is just merely to take control and steering the followers to whatever path, regardless any influence or mental impact.

Leadership: Lead, to lead is an ability, not many acquire this skill. A leader can think and steer their followers based to their own values and principle (what they believe is right themselves). Is the possession to lead in influence, the ability that requires skill and technique to lead. Leaders hold and share important values and inspire people under them. Management skills of a person may be found as a slight part of leadership skills.

Examples of differences

• A manager maintains, a leader develops 
• A manager does things right, a leader does the right thing 
• A manager copies, a leader is Original 

Chairman Mao was a brilliant leader he developed his own leadership over the years in China called Maoism, it was a combination of olden theories, he combined them and made his own original set of rules. He does things not necessary rightly, but does what he thinks was right. 

Business is less about management and more about leadership. To what extent is this statement true? -Chairman Mao shaped his people?

Yes.

According to McGregor's theory, yes, leadership and management shapes how the people working under you think and how is their attitude towards work, it is all about the motivation and the treatment they get.

How he recruited his followers?

How he recruited his followers for his Red Army.

"Chairman Mao has defined our future as an armed revolutionary youth organization...So if Chairman Mao is our Red-Commander-in-Chief and we are his Red soldiers, who can stop us? First we will make China red from inside out and then we will help the working people of other countries make the world red...And then the whole universe."
  Chairman Mao is proficient in brainwashing and promoting himself, the people will volunteer and and renounce their family to be a part of the red guards.

Training

Soft skill training? 

Not really. Chairman Mao was not much of a lenient person, he earned his tittle "Century's Mass Killer". He would eliminate anyone who go against his will. Chairman Mao was a very cold person, he would destroy a person or a group who goes against his intention and ideas. His followers must have 100% faith in him otherwise, he would seek for destruction, destroying the person himself, all his family and what is left of him. His way of training his followers is simple, he only has one principle:"follow and obey his laws and you will live, if you go against him, you're in great trouble."

Is Autocracy, Management X bad?

How did he resist against the Nationalists* for so long?

China is ruled under a communist party (CCP), so therefore communism was definitely the kind of government running china in most of the 1900's. Communism can be compared to what we call the Autocratic leadership style these days in an organisation. Autocracy simply means that one man (the leader) holds unlimited power and people working under him. Similarly, Communism is when a government has unlimited rule and power over the country. Both are relatively similar management styles. 

*Nationalists: A person who advocates political independence for a country.  

Autocratic vs Democratic?

(http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Are_autocracy_and_communism_the_same_thing?#slide2)

Democracy and Autocracy management styles are commonly used as comparison, so here is a simple comparison on the differences between them. People often say that democratic is way better then autocratic leadership style, because people need to have rights and all, but they don't understand that under certain situations or, there different types of control over people. 

• Both of these managements cater for different situations within an organisation. 
• If the organisation prefer more open and casual relationship between the workers and leaders, then democracy organisation is the way to go; 
• if an organisation is strictly formal and purely work, then autocracy is the way for them. It really depends on the type of organisation, government you are aiming for.

Is he an effective leader?

What was their best moment as a leader? 

Merits given to him were controversial, some people said he was an effective leader but how he lead his people to starvation. He was the founding father of China. T


1) Great Leap forward 1958

• Agricultural advancements 
• Industrial revolution 

2) Cultural revolution-1965 to 1968

• Women's rights
• Infrastructure 
• Land Reforms 

Could he have dealt with situations more differently? 

It began with a humble beginning, when chairman Mao first started his political career in the Chinese Communist Party.

1. He was open to everything at first, he was able to think and analyse things in a very practical way
2. Until he took full control, he was blinded with power
3. Things started to go wrong, he had no respect to any laws and he does things as he desire. 

The moral of the story is: He should've not takne over the country like a dictator, he would've been a very practical person if he didn't have the greed of power. 

1. http://www.biography.com/people/mao-tse-tung-9398142/videos/mao-tse-tung-revolution-of-culture-2080069396
2. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/mao_zedong.htm
3. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mao_Zedong.aspx
   
   
   

Communication within this system? Motivational factors? Culture? Organisational Structure?

The structure organisation of country that my leader was a part of?

Autocratic management, Communist (country). Because it was an Autocratic management style's communication is from top to bottom.

He was the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, but when he took over, he changed everything, he took control like non other leaders in the past did, he was quite a dictator himself. No one can do anything about it because he had the right to do it. 

How he was in society, how his leadership/motivation skills lead him to success? 

At one point of time, Chairman Mao was so adored by his people. People in China worshiped him as god- called him the god of nation. People would chant "Chairman Mao will live Forever! Forever! Forever! He also wrote a little red book and the country was flooded with his theories and all, everyone even memorised them and recited them daily.

Brainwashing- 洗脑

• It was used in china way before propaganda and all happened.
• brainwashing has been existing in China for a very long time.
• Leaders have been adopting this skill to manipulate their followers into doing something or an act of either bad or good. 
• People worshiped him most probably because he was good in manipulating people into believing that he cares a lot for the nation and he is the person who gave them a good life to live. 

McGregor's theory of X and Y, which one does Chairman Mao's leadership lies?

McGregor believes that in this world, there are only two types of management, and his theories are named Theory X and Y.

Theory X characteristics - Chairman Mao's leadership lies under theory X. 

• Manager take full control 
• Workers hate work
• Needs push for productivity 
• Coerced to perform 
• Everything must be stated out for them to do in order to proceed with their job. 

Theory Y characteristics 

• People are actively involved in work
• They love work 
• Everyone makes decision together
• Share ownership in tasks 
• Ideas everywhere
• Both workers and Managers have level of self management. 

Motivational factors accordance to Maslow's Hierarchy. 

• Under the command and control environment, the people rely on their lower needs as levels of motivation.
• Managing like management X satisfies Chairman Mao's higher needs that people working under him are productive. 

"A satisfied need no longer motivates", people working under Chairman Mao already have their lower needs, everyone has equal plot of land and equal amount of money (Physiological needs), there is no competition (security needs), most of them may feel loved and have belonging (belonging to Chairman Mao, god of nation). They may have lack of Self esteem and Self actualisation, they will crave for it in long run.

The cultures within the government?

Aggressive culture-

Under autocratic leadership, Chairman Mao was definitely an aggressive leader, he recruited his army in quite a short amount of time relatively and turned China upside down in terms of industrial and agricultural advancements.

• Chairman Mao demands, some would say improbable, expectations for his country (advancement of country). 
• Once he had total control of the country, regardless any advice from his men, he invasively changed all the laws and culture of China. 
• He would eliminate anyone who goes against him immediately.

Organisational structure: Hierarchal structure- 

Characteristics

• Hierarchal culture has some resemblance to bureaucracy. 
• The hierarchal culture is for leaders who just wants things to get done, whenever they command, the thing will get done for them as how they desire. 
• Communication top to bottom
• Full command
• Everyone has their statuses
• The leader might take advantage of the power and abuse the power to lead. 
• Sometimes the leader is too self absorbed in their own world, knowledge and new ideas from outside may not be received or known. 

Pros

• Command is obeyed
• Less probability of rebellion
• Effective, get things done
• Decision making is fast
• No one will challenge the leader 

Cons

• Lack of creativity
• A person takes control not because of their competency because they were mostly chosen by the previous leader.
• The leader might take advantage of the power and abuse the power to lead. 
• The followers tend to have lack of confidence
• Lack of decision making when something urgent comes up and require response
• People who are at the bottom of the hierarchal chart will have lower self esteem 

Reference-

1. http://www.bsffilmgroup.com/CulturalRevolution-link.html

How did he manage to take control? - Motivation in leadership

Motivational skills

Many people say, in fact historically proven, he was one of the most influence over China in the past 150 years, he had power over China or even any group of people, longer than any of the current twentieth century figures. One of the most prominent communist theoreticians, he must have somewhat skill to take control of his people. 

How He motivated his people to be loyal to him?

His motivation is mostly not immediate results, most of the motivation was the result that China would get in the future.

• He assured success and take care of everyone's welfare in the whole of China, people would live in luxury. 
• He was letting China have the "opportunity" of experiencing revolution for the Betterment of the country. 
• The Cultural Revolution itself was a motivation for the followers involved in the CCP (Chinese communist party)

How were the students (younger generation of the population in China) involved and so fond of Chairman Mao?

• Simply the idealism, and love for Mao. 
• The need, drive to belong to something. 
• Frustration of schooling and inequalities of the children facing made them love Mao. 
• Thrill of rebellion. 

Will it motivate me? 

Yes, as the condition of China around 1950's were really bad, economy and industrialisation was inactive, slow and miserable. If Chairman Mao were to propose revolutionary ideas (Cultural revolution), I would definitely take a chance and support him.

Referencing

1. http://chineseculture.about.com/library/weekly/aa022899.htm 
2. Brainwashing- http://books.google.com.my/books? id=D3tYeMLc4hQC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=chairman+mao+brainwashing&source=bl&ots=ged-0Ir6tO&sig=a6qJ0F8Iblc8Mv5fJ2PeafjBfI4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aTaLUrqxDInGrAfSg4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
3. http://www.bsffilmgroup.com/CulturalRevolution-link.html

Chairman Mao's Leadership styles? Ideologies?

Autocratic  

As a Chairman, leader of a country, he led China as a communist country but the way he manage his people was my autocratic styles. The structure and organisation of the political body resembles a lot of autocratic leadership styles.

Government 

'Communism' is what we call this the governing style of Chairman Mao in China in the 1900's. 'Communism is a theory or system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and received according to their ability and needs.'- Oxford dictionary. essentially, the government takes full control of the country and

How does it work?

• The management style is designed in a way that the leader has absolute control and command. 
• Decisions are commonly made rapidly 
• This kind of work attitude and way have the tendency to survive under harsher, mainly competitive environments.
• Communism mainly promotes equality in the country, everyone has the same rights to land, human rights and ownership in anything they want regardless their qualifications. 

Pros?

• More efficiency is expected as everything is commanded to do.
• This kind of work attitude and way have the tendency to survive under harsher, mainly competitive environments.
• Equality, in terms of properties, ownership in land etc, between everyone within the country. excluding the government 
• It creates more jobs because everyone is equal, no one is better or more distinguished than each other, there are no unhealthy competitions going on. 

Cons?

• Minimal discussions and evaluating on what you are going to do to the community/population
• Very little or often absolutely no share or division of power
• "open mindedness and freedom of expression are key to promoting a progressive society, not a narrow mindedness thinking. 
• Without competition, the country may not have motivation to become better. 
• It is human nature to crave for power and status, this defeats the point of communism, it is hard to nurture humans to be humble and treat each other equally, its just not feasible. 

Structure and organisation: Autocracy

Within the government, the way he lead his people was by commanding them. He took full control of his people and gave no chance for them to voice out. He wanted to revolutionise his theory and outspread it to the whole of China, whoever had second thoughts or doubted his theories on how the country should be ruled shall be punished severely or executed. 

Autocracy is good for: Military, Manufacturing and Construction. 

If Chairman Mao wanted to take control over China, military strength must be superior, so in that case, autocratic was suitable for his use. 

Pros 

• Full command/control of your followers 
• Awareness of every move taken from your followers
• Everything follows the leaders ideal way 
• Decision is made fast as no one has the right to argue with the leader.
• You can easily survive under competitive environments. 
• More motivation for the leader because everything is according to him/her, making them satisfied and somewhat happy. 

Cons 

• Some decisions may not be good as it is only from one person's point of view. 
• No creativity
• Lack of new, fresh innovations and ideas 
• Could have lack of motivation for the followers.

In the end, people still rated his leadership a ratio of good to bad as 7:3. 

1. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/communism?q=communism
2. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ctQyeF7MdcYCL-HIoGDJfXAx7gboN_JZKHSdKJM0Yf8/edit#slide=id.g11f627d77_05
3. http://www.ask.com/question/why-was-mao-zedong-so-important
4. http://chineseculture.about.com/library/weekly/aa022899.htm
5. http://books.google.com.my/books?id=uGZIziWmlmsC&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=chairman+mao+autocratic&source=bl&ots=iSOOajnALp&sig=nWJDAT3kZW_yWG5KvxpaQStWHEo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t-GLUvL3LI6mrQfpqoCwAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chairman%20mao%20autocratic&f=false

What are leadership styles? How is it important?

Introduction 

Leadership is crucial for a body or an organisation, things need to be in order in order to be in structure and neatness. The organisation or a body can be run more smoothly. There tends to be more communication flow. Leadership is the most influential and vital element of all body. 

Are leaders born or made? -Influence 


Leadership styles can be good or bad depending on the type of organisation/company you are in. If your organisation or company requires different sets of skills there are different types of management and leadership skills the leader has to acquire, to handle the lot of people. Leadership skills can be acquired and be learnt. People who have the will power and determination to control a body and create wonders out of teamwork are leaders. 

I think leaders are made out of their environment. Based on observation on Chairman Mao, he was born from a peasant family and died as the god of China, he was definitely not born a bright child. He learnt many political theories and leadership skills, slowly ranked up the Chinese Communist party, i think his childhood environment plays a huge role on shaping him, his thought into who he was. He wanted equality and satisfaction for himself, as a person, I believe there is a reason and cause that made him who he was. 

Traits of Effective leaders?

• Leaders need to have the necessary tools and skills to inspire and impact their people, making the team more competent and effective, thus an optimum work condition in their team. 

• Have an objective, goals and plans for his company, able to lead their people into realising them.

• “A business short on capital can borrow money and one with poor location can move but a business short on leadership has little chance of survival” Achieving success, most of the success of a team always reflects on the leadership in directing the team. 

• An effective leader has to influence, motivate, communicate and energise their followers to bring the best out of them for the betterment of what they are doing. 

• Systemise your operations 
  
  
• Prioritise your task
  
  

As a leader, you determine the directions your team is going to take. 

You are the goal setter as well as the goal getter. This in mind, you have to position yourself in such a way that the team will work together with you from moving the company where it is to where it ought to be. 

As a leader, you are also a revolutionary in your business. You face the reality and have to mobilise the necessary resources to achieve the objectives and goals of the company. 

You also have to encourage your team to mobilise the resources that they are endowed with towards achieving a common goal. 

You must possess the necessary skills and competence to leave a footprint in the minds of your workforce that cannot be erased. This way you will be ensured that even in your business the operations of your business will not be thwarted but there will be a continued smooth flow of operations.

Benefits of leadership?

Leaders have the ability to share their vision and have their own vision. 
Leaders are organised, they give us clarity.
Leaders have the ability to make their people think.
Leaders have the skill to support his people and manage everyone, keep things in order. 
Leaders know how to make hard decisions. 

References: 

(http://rapidboostmarketing.com/benefits-of-good-leadership-in-business-and-role-of-good-leadership-in-business-success/#.Uo8mCpG_JfM)

(http://rapidboostmarketing.com/how-to-be-proactive-and-crush-your-competition/#.Uo8ta5G_JfM)

Who is Chairman Mao? 毛泽东

Profile

Name: Mao Tse Tung  a.k.a. Chairman Mao 

Born on: 26 December 1893, Shao Shan, China

Died on: 9 September 1976, Beijing, China

Chairman Mao was a communist leader in China from March 20, 1943 - April 24, 1969. Despite an image of his notorious dictatorship, he was known for doing good for his people unintentionally. As he is the founder of  people's Republic of China (in 1949), he was responsible for one of the most appalling notions in history such as 'Great leap Forward' and "Cultural revolution" In summary, his conflicting theories on how the country should be run. He promoted various ideologies that are revolutionising to the world such as elevating the statuses of women and improving education, all these aspects made China what it was before, a very strong and powerful country. He leadership was so impactful, he gained his own title, "Maoism" it was a combination of communism, marxism-lenism ideologies. 

Chairman Mao has a different vision on how he should rule approximately 1/4 of the population in the world. He boosted China's industry and agricultural fields and made China rich and have authority over some aspects of the world. Mao believed that China needs more man power in the country, and should be reform into a series of communes. That can improve agriculture and industry, the country will advance in speed by producing more modern tools needed for modernisation of country. He grown up as a librarian, as he sorts books out and books about Marxism, Leninism, Communism and other political studies. He geared more interest in Communism kind of theme, he learnt about it throughout the years and climb his way up the political position (Chinese communism party). His political vocation started around 1921, He became a founder of Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Since he is a massive reader of political studies, he is full of theories on leadership an government, he is one of the most prominent communist theoreticians in Asia and his ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare have been extremely influential, especially among the third world revolutionaries. 

Reference

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mao_zedong.shtml

http://www.biography.com/people/mao-tse-tung-9398142  

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/29/china.comment

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/mao-zedong.html